URBAN DHARMA- SUTRA AND SUTTA
Life of the Buddha
... Narada Mahathera...
As a royal child Prince Siddhattha no doubt received a good education, although the books give no details about his schooling. Being a scion of the warrior race, he must have been specially trained in the art of warfare. At the early age of sixteen, he married his beautiful cousin Princess Yasoodharaa,[9] who was of equal years. After his happy marriage, he led a luxurious life, blissfully unaware of the vicissitudes of life, outside the palace gates.
A Introductory Course in Early Buddhism
...Bro. Chan Khoon San...
...Bro. Chan Khoon San...
This new book entitled “Buddhism Course” is a carefully researched and upgraded version. It contains 17 chapters dealing with most of the relevant topics on Buddhism, such as: Life of the Buddha, Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Noble Path, Dependent Origin, Law of Kamma, Death and Rebirth, Five Destinations, World Cycles when Buddhas Appear, Ten Bases of Meritorious Action, Buddhist Vipassana Meditation, Recollection of the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha and the Three Baskets (Tipitaka) in Buddhism.
The Five Precepts
... Dr. Sunthorn Plamintr...
... Dr. Sunthorn Plamintr...
There are three fundamental modes of training in Buddhist practice: morality, mental culture, and wisdom. The English word morality is used to translate the Pali term sila, although the Buddhist term contains its own particular connotations. The word sila denotes a state of normalcy, a condition which is basically unqualified and unadulterated. When one practices sila, one returns to one's own basic goodness, the original state of normalcy, unperturbed and unmodified.
Chanting in Buddhism
... Bhikkhu Dhammasami...
... Bhikkhu Dhammasami...
Chanting is very common to any religion. Buddhism is no exception in this regard. However, the aim and purpose of chanting is different from one religion to another. Buddhism is unique in that it does not consider chanting to be prayer.
The Buddhist Holidays
...BuddhaNet.net...
...BuddhaNet.net...
There are many special or holy days held throughout the year by the Buddhist community. Many of these days celebrate the birthdays of Bodhisattvas in the Mahayana tradition or other significant dates in the Buddhist calendar. The most significant celebration happens every May on the night of the full moon, when Buddhist all over the world celebrate the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha over 2,500 years ago. It has become to be known as Buddha Day.
Buddhism is unique among religions in that it knows no ceremonies comparable to those in other religions. Ceremonies and rituals, elaborate and tiresome in performance, have no room in Buddhism. We do not find any instance in the Pali Canon where the Buddha lays down the rules and methods for the performance of ceremonies for the laity. It is left to the individual whether or not to perform them. He has only one thing which he must take into consideration, that is his performing of ceremonies does not clash with the teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhism and Vegetarianism
...Compiled by Binh Anson...
...Compiled by Binh Anson...
There are differences of opinion between Buddhists on this issue so we will attempt to present the arguments of those who believe that vegetarianism is necessary for Buddhists and those who do not.
Do Buddhists believe in God?
...Kusala Bhikshu...
...Kusala Bhikshu...
Why is it... The Buddha never talked about the One God of the desert, the Judeo-Christian God? Does this mean that all Buddhists are atheists and don’t believe in God? Did the Buddha believe in God?
Do Buddhists go to Heaven?
...Kusala Bhikshu...
...Kusala Bhikshu...
But, do Buddhists even go to Christian heaven or hell in the first place? Or do Buddhists have their own afterlife, complete with heaven and hell?
The Problem With Sex in Buddhism
...Kusala Bhikshu...
...Kusala Bhikshu...
It seems these days in Los Angeles, it's OK to do or be anything you want sexually... And if you're lucky enough to find your true sexual identity, you will be happy and fulfilled the rest of your life.
A Buddhist Approach to Health Care
...Kusala Bhikshu...
...Kusala Bhikshu...
Over the years many commentaries have been written to add clarity and understanding to his teachings. Buddhist monks and nuns have taught and still teach his Dharma (Truth). New schools of Buddhism based on culture and meaning arose in every part of the world spreading his message, “Suffering is Optional.”
The Buddhist Concept of Impermanence
...hinduwebsite.com...
...hinduwebsite.com...
Early Buddhism dealt with the problem of impermanence in a very rationale manner. This concept is known as anicca in Buddhism, according to which, impermanence is an undeniable and inescapable fact of human existence from which nothing that belongs to this earth is ever free.
...Buddhist Suttas and Sutras...
A Map Showing the Major Divisions of the Tipitaka.
Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, when practicing deeply the Perfect Wisdom clearly saw that all five Skandhas are empty and passed beyond all suffering... Sariputra, form does not differ from emptiness: Emptiness does not differ from form. Form then is emptiness. Emptiness then is form. Sensation, perception, volition, and consciousness, are also like this.
Metta is the highest need of the world today, indeed it is more needed than ever before. Because in this new world, there are sufficient materials, money and brilliant wise men and scientists. In spite of these, there is no peace and happiness. It shows that something is lacking, That is Metta.
I heard thus. Once the Blessed One, while wandering in the Kosala country with a large community of bhikkhus, entered a town of the Kalama people called Kesaputta. The Kalamas who were inhabitants of Kesaputta: "Reverend Gotama, the monk, the son of the Sakyans, has, while wandering in the Kosala country, entered Kesaputta.
Thus, using his way eye, he regarded the world and saw that his deceased mother had been born among the hungry ghosts, having neither food nor drink, she was but skin and bones. Mahaudgalayana felt deep pity and sadness, filled a bowl with food and went to provide for his mother. She got the bowl, screened it with her left hand, and with her right hand made a fist of food. But, before it entered her mouth, it turned into burning coals which could not be eaten.
The Book of Protection which is an anthology of selected discourses of the Buddha compiled by the teachers of old, was originally meant as a handbook for the newly ordained novice. The idea was that those novices who are not capable of studying large portions of the "Discourse Collection" (sutta pitaka) should at least be conversant with the Book of Protection. Even today it is so.
The growing interest in women's spirituality has led to a renewed focus upon the Therigatha, the Verses of the Elder Nuns, as the oldest existing testament to the feminine experience of Buddhism. Despite this recent attention to the Therigatha, however, it seems that all but a few scholarly commentators have overlooked a short chapter in the Samyutta Nikaya that serves as an important supplement to the larger work.
Thus have I heard. On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Baranasi in the Deer Park at Isipatana. There the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus of the group of five thus:
A Factorial Analysis of the Noble Eightfold Path
You want: long life, health, beauty, power, riches, high birth, wisdom? Or even some of these things? They do not appear by chance. It is not someone's luck that they are healthy, or another's lack of it that he is stupid. Though it may not be clear to us now, all such inequalities among human beings (and all sorts of beings) come about because of the kamma they have made individually.
Once in the Jurassic about 150 million years ago, the Great Sun Buddha in this corner of the Infinite Void gave a discourse to all the assembled elements and energies: to the standing beings, the walking beings, the flying beings, and the sitting beings--even the grasses, to the number of thirteen billion, each one born from a seed, assembled there: a Discourse concerning Enlightenment on the planet Earth.
...Buddhist History...
Was invented in 1880 by an American, Colonel Henry Steele Olcott. The horizontal bars signify peace and harmony between all races throughout the world while the vertical bars represent eternal peace within the world.
A Buddhist Timeline
...History of Buddhism...
...History of Buddhism...
Life of Siddhartha Guatama, the historical Buddha: conventional dates: 566-486 B.C.E. (According to more recent research, revised dates are: 490-410 BCE).
Buddhist Pilgrimage / New Edition 2009
...Bro. Chan Khoon San...
...Bro. Chan Khoon San...
The idea of a pilgrimage originated from the Buddha twenty-five centuries ago! Before he passed into Mahaparinibbana, the Buddha advised pious disciples to visit four holy places the sight of which will arouse faith and religious urgency after He was gone, namely: Lumbini, Buddhagaya, Sarnath and Kusinara.
Theravada Buddhism
...Dr. V. A. Gunaserkara...
...Dr. V. A. Gunaserkara...
Generally three main schools of Buddhism have been identified. These are Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana. While this threefold classification is useful it does not encompass the totality of schools and approaches that one encounters in Buddhism, both in the historical past as well as today.
The Buddhist Councils
...Ven. Dr. Rewata Dhamma...
...Ven. Dr. Rewata Dhamma...
King Ajatasattu sponsored the First Council. It was convened in 544 B.C. in the Satiapanni Cave situated outside Rajagaha three months after the Buddha had passed away. A detailed account of this historic meeting can be found in the Cullavagga of the Vinaya Pitaka.
The Edicts of King Asoka
...Ven. S. Dhammika...
...Ven. S. Dhammika...
Asoka's edicts are mainly concerned with the reforms he instituted and the moral principles he recommended in his attempt to create a just and humane society.
How Buddhism Was Reincarnated
...Leslie Schivener...
...Leslie Schivener...
By rights, Tibetan Buddhism should have faded like the dying light in a thousand butter lamps before a thousand knowing Buddhas. But something extraordinary happened after the Dalai Lama rode a mountain pony into exile in 1959, disguised as a soldier, his glasses in his pocket: Tibetan Buddhism found a new incarnation.
... Thich Nhat-tu...
Buddhism, as a new philosophical way of life, emerges as a counter-movement against ethical and metaphysical doctrines of Brahmanism. Buddhism being a naastika completely rejects the authority of the Vedas and disproving the Brahmaa as the lord of all creatures.
...Wapola Rahula...
Let us discuss a question often asked by many people: What is the difference between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism? To see things in their proper perspective, let us turn to the history of Buddhism and trace the emergence and development of Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism.
...Ananda W.P. Guruge...
Thus the Buddha assumed the role of a re-discoverer rather than that of an original path-finder. What he meant by this statement is subject to interpretation and has given rise to a controversy among students of Buddhism and Indian philosophy.
The subject of this book is Vipassana meditation practice. Repeat, practice. This is a meditation manual, a nuts-and-bolts, step-by-step guide to Insight meditation. It is meant to be practical. It is meant for use.
Learn Pali
The Language of Early Buddhism
...Five e-Books in PDF...
The Language of Early Buddhism
...Five e-Books in PDF...
From the introduction: This book is chiefly intended for those who study the Buddhist teachings through the medium of the English language, but wish to familiarize themselves with some of the original Pali terms of doctrinal import. They are in the same position as a student of philosophy or science who has to know the terminology of his field, which for common parlance is mostly not less 'unfamiliar' than are the words of the Pali language found in the Dictionary.
The Eightfold Path
...Bhikku Bodhi...
...Bhikku Bodhi...
One of the best explanations of the Eightfold path in print today... The present book aims at contributing towards a proper understanding of the Noble Eightfold Path by investigating its eight factors and their components to determine exactly what they involve. Bhikkhu Bodhi is concise, using as the framework for his exposition the Buddha's own words in explanation of the path factors, as found in the Sutta Pitaka of the Pali Canon.
Eightfold Path for the Lay Person
...Jack Kornfield...
...Jack Kornfield...
"A series of ten talks, transcribed from audio tape, on the practice of the Eightfold Path, particularly geared to householders. There is a talk on each of the eight path factors, plus two concerning the five mental hindrances."
A Buddhist Approach to Dreams
...Rev. Heng Sure...
...Rev. Heng Sure...
We know how the Buddha and certain Indian Buddhists in the past dealt with their dreams because detailed writings still exist in the scriptures and commentaries. This article will present a section from a particular Buddhist scripture, The Sutra on the Junti Bodhisattva Dharani, Spoken by the Mother of Seven Kotis of Buddhas (T.1077), which lists specific dream images.
Bowing as Contemplation
...Rev. Heng Sure...
...Rev. Heng Sure...
Contemplating the nature of mind is a hallmark Buddhist occupation. The Buddha called the mind “a monkey," and "a wild horse." The monkey mind calculates and schemes, chases thoughts of self and others, clings to rights and wrongs, and quarrels over me and mine.
Death, Dying, and Health in Buddhism
...Articles, Books, and eBooks...
...Articles, Books, and eBooks...
Good health is simply the slowest way a human being can die.
Because kamma is directly concerned with good and evil, any discussion of kamma must also include a discussion of good and evil. Standards for defining good and evil are, however, not without their problems. What is "good," and how is it so? What is it that we call "evil," and how is that so?
The Five Spiritual Powers
...Sarah Doering...
...Sarah Doering...
The assumption underlying all his teaching is that we don’t have to be the way we are—that all the sorrow and pain and grief and fear that we all know is not necessary. It can be eliminated.
The Word of the Buddha
...Ven. Nyanatiloka...
...Ven. Nyanatiloka...
The Word of the Buddha, published originally in German, was the first strictly systematic exposition of all the main tenets of the Buddha's Teachings presented in the Master's own words as found in the Sutta-Pitaka of the Buddhist Pali Canon.
A Sketch of the Buddha's life
...from The Pali Cannon...
...from The Pali Cannon...
This modest selection of excerpts from the Pali Canon provides a rough sketch of the life of the Buddha. I hope you will find enough in this rather sparse selection to gain at least an inkling both of the range of the Buddha's teachings and of the sweeping trajectory of his extraordinary life.
Non-Violence in Early Buddhism
...from The Pali Cannon...
...from The Pali Cannon...
In this short autobiographical passage, the Buddha describes his sense of dismay at the violence in the world, together with his important discovery: that the only escape from violence is to remove the causes of violence from one's own heart.
Metta- Universal Love in Buddhism
...Acharya Buddharakkhita...
...Acharya Buddharakkhita...
Metta makes one a pure font of well-being and safety for others. Just as a mother gives her own life to protect her child, so metta only gives and never wants anything in return.
Gemstones of the Good Dhamma
...Ven. S. Dammika...
...Ven. S. Dammika...
The discourses of the Buddha and his direct disciples have been collected together into a huge body of literature known as the Sutta Pitaka. Made up of both prose and verse, much of this literature is little known to the average Buddhist because of its great size and also because in both style and content it is highly philosophical.
The Discourse on Right View
...Bhikkhu Ñanamoli...
...Bhikkhu Ñanamoli...
The Sammaditthi Sutta, the Discourse on Right View, is the ninth sutta of the Majjhima Nikaya, the Collection of Middle Length Discourses. Its expositor is the Venerable Sariputta Thera, the Buddha's chief disciple and the foremost of the Master's bhikkhu disciples in the exercise of the faculty of wisdom
The Five Hindrances and their Conquest
...Nyanaponika Thera...
...Nyanaponika Thera...
Unshakable deliverance of the mind is the highest goal in the Buddha's doctrine. Here, deliverance means: the freeing of the mind from all limitations, fetters, and bonds that tie it to the Wheel of Suffering, to the Circle of Rebirth.
Meditation Alters Brain Structure
...Sharon Begley...
...Sharon Begley...
But although the Buddhists and scientists who met for five days last month in the Dalai Lama's home in Dharamsala, India, had different views on the little matters of reincarnation and the relationship of mind to brain, they set them aside in the interest of a shared goal. They had come together in the shadows of the Himalayas to discuss one of the hottest topics in brain science: neuroplasticity.
The Jhanas in Theravada Buddhism
...Ven. H. Gunaratana...
...Ven. H. Gunaratana...
The Buddha says that just as in the great ocean there is but one taste, the taste of salt, so in his doctrine and discipline there is but one taste, the taste of freedom. The taste of freedom that pervades the Buddha's teaching is the taste of spiritual freedom, which from the Buddhist perspective means freedom from suffering.
A Study Guide: The Four Noble Truths
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
The four noble truths are the most basic expression of the Buddha's teaching. As Ven. Sariputta once said, they encompass the entire teaching, just as the footprint of an elephant can encompass the footprints of all other footed beings on earth.
A Study Guide: The Ten Perfections
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
Thus, historically, there have been two major ways of following the path to full Buddhahood: following guidelines gleaned from the early canons, and following the traditions set in motion by the experiences of visionaries from the beginning of the common era. The materials in this study guide take the first course.
Jhanas, Concentration, and Wisdom
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
The role of jhana as a condition for transcendent discernment is one of the most controversial issues in the Theravada tradition. Three basic positions have been advanced in modern writings.
e-Learning...Ven. Pannyavaro...
There is a new era of technological innovation sweeping the world, which has spawned a new medium - the Internet's world wide web, a very powerful communications network and learning environment. The Internet should not be seen as just a new way to disseminating or repackage the Buddha's teachings but potentially as a base for an innovative online dharma community - a Cyber Sangha, that offers alternative social and spiritual values.
Working with Anger...Michelle McDonald...
Anger seems to be an emotion that people have a lot of difficulty with, so I'd like to talk about how to deal specifically when such an emotion occurs. Say you're sitting and anger appears and you think, "Oh no - anger!" - that's resistance. But what about, "Oh, great, anger!"? Do you see the difference? We are usually very accepting of the moment when the bird sings, but with anger it is more difficult.
The Elimination of Anger...Ven. Piyatissa...
The ultimate goal of Buddhism is the deathless condition of Nibbana, the sole reality. Hence, one who aspires to that state should renounce mundane pursuits and attachments, which are ephemeral, for the sake of that reality. But there are very few who are sufficiently mature to develop themselves to achieve that state in this very life.
Living in the World with Dhamma...Ajahn Chah...
Most people still don't know the essence of meditation practice. They think that walking meditation, sitting meditation and listening to Dhamma talks are the practice. That's true too, but these are only the outer forms of practice.
The Four Nobel Truths...Ajahn Chah...
The teaching I will present to you today is a way to solve problems in the present moment, in this present life. Some people say that they have so much work to do they have no time to practice the Dhamma. "What can we do?"
Buddhist Cosmology...Tri Ratana Priya...
The topic of my Dharma talk today is Buddhist cosmology, a term which does not occur in everyday conversation. What then, is cosmology? The dictionary defines it as a branch of philosophy dealing with the origin, processes and structure of the universe.
The Five Aggregates...Peter Santina...
In this chapter we will look at the teaching of the five aggregates--form, feeling, perception, volition, and consciousness. In other words, we will look at the Buddhist analysis of personal experience, or the personality.
Kamma on the Social Level...Bhikkhu P.A. Payutto...
In practical terms it can be said that the human world is the world of intentional action. Human beings have a very sophisticated level of intention, which, in conjunction with their thought processes, allows them to achieve things which would be impossible for other animals.
Buddhism in Modern Life
...Dr. Ananda Guruge...
...Dr. Ananda Guruge...
Then let us look at what Buddhism is. What do we understand by Buddhism? It can mean many things to many people. To someone it can be only life of the Buddha; the example that the Buddha and his immediate disciples set -that glorious feat of a man, who stood before men as a man and declared a path of deliverance.
Going for Refuge
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
The act of going for refuge marks the point where one commits oneself to taking the Dhamma, or the Buddha's teaching, as the primary guide to the conduct of one's life. To understand why this commitment is called a "refuge", it is helpful to look at the history of the custom.
No-Self or Not-Self?
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
One of the first stumbling blocks that Westerners often encounter when they learn about Buddhism is the teaching on anatta, often translated as no-self. This teaching is a stumbling block for two reasons.
Giving Dignity to Life
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
To ask what it means to live with dignity may sound strange in an age like our own, when our frantic struggle to make ends meet hardly allows us the leisure to ponder such weighty matters.
The Not-Self Strategy
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
Books on Buddhism often state that the Buddha's most basic metaphysical tenet is that there is no soul or self. However, a survey of the discourses in the Pali Canon -- the earliest extant record of the Buddha's teachings -- suggests that the Buddha taught the anatta or not-self doctrine, not as a metaphysical assertion, but as a strategy for gaining release from suffering
Meditating on NO-Self
...Sister Khema...
...Sister Khema...
In Buddhism we use the words "self" and "no-self," and so it is important to understand just what this "no-self," anatta, is all about, even if it is first just an idea, because the essence of the Buddha's teaching hinges on this concept. And in this teaching Buddhism is unique.
Tolerance and Diversity
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
Today all the major religions of the world must respond to a double challenge. On one side is the challenge of secularism, a trend which has swept across the globe, battering against the most ancient strongholds of the sacred and turning all man's movements towards the Beyond into a forlorn gesture, poignant but devoid of sense.
Association with the Wise
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
The Maha-Mangala Sutta, the Great Discourse on Blessings, is one of the most popular Buddhist suttas, included in all the standard repertories of Pali devotional chants.
Buddha, Dharma, Sangha
... Ajahn Sumedha...
... Ajahn Sumedha...
When people ask 'What do you have to do to become a Buddhist?' we say that we take refuge in Buddha Dhamma Sangha and to take refuge we recite a Pali formula
A Look at the Kalama Sutta
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
But does the Kalama Sutta really justify such views? Or do we meet in these claims just another set of variations on that egregious old tendency to interpret the Dhamma according to whatever notions are congenial to oneself -- or to those to whom one is preaching?
The Heart of Fundamentalism
...Tenzin Sherab...
...Tenzin Sherab...
Why are people "fundamentalists"? They don't see themselves that way. It's a label we give to others whom we fundamentally disagree with. Fundamentalism is in our hearts--all our hearts. Once we recognize that, we can start to come to terms with it.
The Healing Power of the Precepts
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
The Buddha was like a doctor, treating the spiritual ills of the human race. The path of practice he taught was like a course of
therapy for suffering hearts and minds.
therapy for suffering hearts and minds.
Buddhist Enlightenment vs Nirvana
...Rev. Kusala...
...Rev. Kusala...
When I first started reading books on Buddhism back in the late 1970’s, I had trouble understanding *Nirvana and Enlightenment. These two words were often used interchangeably by authors writing on the *Theravada and *Mahayana traditions. Sometimes though, the meaning seemed to change depending on who was doing the writing.
Bowing as Contemplation
...Rev. Heng Sure...
...Rev. Heng Sure...
Contemplating the nature of mind is a hallmark Buddhist occupation. The Buddha called the mind “a monkey," and "a wild horse." The monkey mind calculates and schemes, chases thoughts of self and others, clings to rights and wrongs, and quarrels over me and mine. The wild horse mind loves to run away into fantasies and false-thoughts, to wander far without warning and to return when it pleases. It is difficult to break the wild horse mind to the saddle of mindfulness and discipline.
An Overview of the Tipitaka Scriptures
...Narada Bhikkhu...
...Narada Bhikkhu...
Although the Master has left no written records of His Teachings, His disciples preserved them, by committing to memory and
transmitting them orally from generation to generation.
transmitting them orally from generation to generation.
The Living Message of the Dhammapada
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
...Bhikkhu Bodhi...
The Dhammapada is a work familiar to every devout Buddhist and to every serious student of Buddhism. This small collection of 423 verses on the Buddha's doctrine is so rich in insights that it might be considered the perfect compendium of the Dhamma in its practical dimensions.
The Five Skandhas and the New Millennium
...Martin Goodson...
...Martin Goodson...
It may be because we are coming to the end of one millennium and about to enter another that there is a great interest in news stories that signal the end of the world. In 1998, a new film was released called 'Deep Impact'. It was about a comet colliding with Earth.
An essay on breath meditation
...Bhikkhu Sona...
...Bhikkhu Sona...
As the title suggests, there is a significant puzzle to be solved by any meditator or scholar who tries to clearly understand the
qualities of experience which accompany the transition from mere attention to respiration to the full immersion in jhanic consciousness.
qualities of experience which accompany the transition from mere attention to respiration to the full immersion in jhanic consciousness.
These instructions have been taken from a nine-day retreat offered by Leigh Brasington at the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies in April of 2002. The Pali word jhana (Sanskrit dhyana) is sometimes simply translated as “meditation,” but more accurately refers to an “absorption” into a very focused, very stable state of concentration. In the classical tradition there are several stages of jhana, each one more focused than the previous
The Path of Concentration and Mindfulness
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
...Thanissaro Bhikkhu...
Many people tell us that the Buddha taught two different types of meditation; mindfulness meditation and concentration meditation. Mindfulness meditation, they say, is the direct path, while concentration practice is the scenic route that you take at your own risk because it's very easy to get caught there and you may never get out.
UrbanDharma © 2011
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